Articles ArenaInformation and Knowledge

Work place drug testing has become a common phenomenon in the recent years. Most of the companies are in favor of conducting drug testing…

Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) was recently identified as a possible surface marker for naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and is constitutively expressed on the cell irrespective of its activation status..

There are three principal types of transcription factors. These include basal transcription factors, upstream transcription factors and inducible transcription factors…

Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) often known as CD290 (cluster of differentiation 290), is the most recently identified human homolog of the Drosophila TOLL protein. Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the Toll-like receptor family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) often known as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289), is a member of the Toll-like receptor family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern. TLR9 was first cloned and identified as a receptor for unmethylated CpG-DNA as well as for bacterial DNA.

Toll-like receptor 8(TLR8) has been identified as natural receptor for single-stranded RNA, and is thought to act as potent activator of innate immune responses upon viral infections.

Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) often designated as CD286 (cluster of differentiation 286), is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, a highly conserved series of ancient innate immune pattern recognition receptors.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), is an immune gene possessed by humans, other mammals and additionally in avian species playing a significant role in initiating antiviral immune responses.

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a member of the evolutionarily conserved Toll-like receptor family, has evolved to permit mammals specifically to detect flagellated bacterial pathogens. Like all other members of the TLR family, TLR5 is composed of an extracellular domain containing multiple leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail containing the conserved TIR domain. The TLR5 gene has been mapped to chromosome 1q41-42. The gene encodes a putative 858 aminio acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 91 kDa. It is most closely related to TLR3 with 26% overall amino acid sequence identity.

Read more on TLR5- cluster of differentiation 285…

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) often designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284) is a class I transmembrane receptor belonging to the large homologous family of Toll like receptors.